atypical atrial flutter ablation success

Curr Opin Cardiol. Both methods stop abnormal cells from sending signals. Accessibility Bookshelf As noted by Anshul et al. Learn the difference between atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. (19,20) Figure 1. MeSH Atrial flutter causes, symptoms, ablation and treatment. Coming to a Cleveland Clinic location?Hillcrest Cancer Center check-in changesCole Eye entrance closingVisitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information, Notice of Intelligent Business Solutions data eventLearn more. Long- term outcome of patients after successful radiofrequency ablation for typical atrial flutter Gilligan DM, Zakaib JS, Fuller I, et al. Atrial flutter ablation is a procedure to destroy cells in your heart that are causing atrial flutter, an abnormal rhythm of the heart. In: Fuster V, Narula J, Vaishnava P, et al. Would you like email updates of new search results? Atypical flutter ablations, however, may be more technically . Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol. Electrophysiology and ablation Catheter ablation of scar-related atypical atrial flutter James O. Coffey 1, Andre d'Avila 1, Srinivas Dukkipati1, Stephan B. Danik 2, Sandeep R. Gangireddy 1, Jacob S. Koruth 1, Marc A. Miller 1, Solomon J. Sager3, Charles A. Eggert 4, and Vivek . Then theyll ask you to keep your leg stretched out for six to eight hours. Deisenhofer, H. Estner, B. Zrenner et al. In the second case, a regular irregularity has to be always ruled out. With atrial flutter, your heart beats in a fast but consistent pattern. Blood clots that can travel and cause a heart attack or stroke. Minielectrode catheter technology for near zero-fluoroscopy substrate-guided ablation of typical atrial flutter. The .gov means its official. ! Cardiac perforation (putting a hole in your heart by mistake). Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. The most frequent left atrial flutters are perimitral, peripulmonary veins, septal, roof and posterior wall macroreentrys. Jani C, Arora S, Zuzek Z, Jaswaney R, Thakkar S, Patel HP, Lahewala S, Arora N, Josephson R, Deshmukh A, Viles-Gonzalez J, Osman MN, Sahadevan J, Hoit BD, Mackall JA. Atrial arrhythmias following surgical AF ablation: electrophysiological findings, ablation strategies, and clinical outcome. However, atypical left atrial flutter may occur during follow-up after intraoperative ablation of AF. Atypical atrial flutter: review of mechanisms, advances in mapping and ablation outcomes. Our mission: To reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease. Right atrial flutter patterns. Atrial flutter is classified as typical or atypical (non-typical) depending on the location of the short circuit the pathway that allows the electrical signal to move too fast around the heart. Careers. Careers. Catheter ablation of scar-related atypical atrial flutter . The latest information about heart & vascular disorders, treatments, tests and prevention from the No. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Three years later he again suffered palpitations and atypical atrial flutter was documented. European Heart Journal-Cardiovascular Imaging. During an atrial flutter ablation, you may receive twilight sedation with medicine meant to make you sleepy and not feel pain, or you may have general anesthesia. I do , but I thought that was called atrial fibrillation? Europace 2006; 8:573-82. If youre having a lot of bleeding, make sure you call your doctor right away. Note the irregular ventricular rate in the face of regular atrial rate. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Would you like email updates of new search results? Really pleased that I did. Some patients develop atypical left atrial flutter after pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation. Freedom of any atrial tachycardia was 65% over a follow-up of 13.89.0 months.ConclusionsAAFL catheter ablation can be achieved with high procedural success rate using a contemporary strategy. If it's coming from the left, I need your permission now, to go to the left side and do what needs to be done which may be a partial or full PVI". The site is secure. Am J Med 2005; 118:101-7.3. Fingers crossed .Best wishes xx, Good morning, I was admitted to hospital & had a diagnosis of atypical flutter, which I started with 8 weeks ago now & like you still running at approx 120bpm despite increase in bisoprolol and addition of digoxin, to no avail. Contact your healthcare provider when you have: Having an abnormal heart rhythm can make you uneasy, but treatments are available. 1 Catheter ablation for the management of CTI-dependent AFL is . Policy. Europace. Conventional AAFL circuits had longer critical isthmuses (19.09.0 vs 10.86.3mm, p<0.001), a lower prevalence of slow conduction at the critical isthmus (59% vs 86%, p=0.005), and a longer radiofrequency time to AAFL termination (117119 vs 5166 s, p=0.002). Vol. Vasudevan A, Hundae A, Borodge D, McCullough PA, Wells PJ. If its too technical, or a bridge too far to explain, then no worries - I can wait til my 'number comes up'. Conclusion: With atypical atrial flutter, cardiac ablation is successful for 60 to 70 percent of patients, since additional scarring in the heart chamber may develop over time and cause different atypical atrial flutters. Huo Y, Schoenbauer R, Richter S, Rolf S, Sommer P, Arya A, Rastan A, Doll N, Mohr FW, Hindricks G, Piorkowski C, Gaspar T. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. A successful PVI also reduces the threat of death by 50%. The reentrant loop circles the right atrium, passing through the cavo-tricuspid isthmus a body of fibrous tissue in the lower atrium between the inferior vena cava, and the tricuspid valve. Left atrial flutter is considered atypical and is common after incomplete left atrial ablation procedures. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Content on HealthUnlocked does not replace the relationship between you and doctors or other healthcare professionals nor the advice you receive from them. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. This arrhythmia has a 200-260 ms cycle length, although it may fluctuate depending on patient's previous treatment or ablation, congenital heart disease, etc. Other heart issues, like heart failure or a valve issue. In: Fuster V, Narula J, Vaishnava P, Leon MB, Callans DJ, Rumsfeld J, Poppas A. eds. Heart Rhythm. See here, previous article on flutters differential diagnoses and treatment approaches). Your hearts chambers cant fill with blood fast enough because the contractions are too frequent. Lesson Seventy-four An atypical presentation of a typical arrhy . The risk of atrial fibrillation following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial flutter. The second was just for AFIB. . Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2003; 26:53-8.10. Are you still on blood thinners/bisopropol or equivalent? Heart Rhythm. AAFL catheter ablation can be achieved with high procedural success rate using a contemporary strategy based on high-density mapping alone. Epub 2020 May 8. Jas P, Shah DC, Hassaguerre M et al. Atypical AFLs were roof-dependent in 35.6% and peri-mitral in 23.8% of cases. 2 Patients with AFL can be very symptomatic and refractory to medical therapy, often requiring repeat Loss of atrioventricular synchronisation and physiological rate response to activity can also decrease functional class in patients with ventricular dysfunction. Careers. Flutter ablation is the best treatment with 95 to 99% success,permanent I was told,as against AFib .AFib can recur,and sucess rates for ablation vary quite a lot 60 to 80% sucess I believe. Epub 2013 Apr 5. Superior vena cava flutter: electrophysiology and ablation. Damage to these cells in your atrium (upper heart chamber) stops the irregular signals for most people who have this procedure. Ricard P, Mansouri C, Yappo F, Guenoun M, Paganelli F, Lvy S. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. Circulation 2000; 101:270-9.16. Characteristics and Ablation Outcomes of Atrial Tachycardia in Patients with Prior Cardiac Surgery vs. Spontaneous Scars: Where Are the Differences? Characterisation of reentrant circuits in left atrial macroreentrant tachycardia: critical isthmus block can prevent atrial tachycardia recurrence. 2017;14:E44594. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/prevention--treatment-of-arrhythmia/ablation-for-arrhythmias), (https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/atrial-fibrillation-and-atrial-flutter?query=atrial%20flutter), (https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/arrhythmias-and-conduction-disorders/ablation-for-cardiac-arrhythmia?query=ablation%20for%20cardiac%20arrhythmia). I had that exact diagnosis! ibutilid might be the primary choice with up to 70% success rate. 2021 Apr;60(3):427-432. doi: 10.1007/s10840-020-00746-6. The success rate is approximately 60%, and it is more effective than procainamide, sotalol, or amiodarone. The objectives are to evaluate the feasibility of AAFL catheter ablation based on high-density mapping and minimizing entrainment and to better characterize AAFL circuits. Epub 2014 Apr 2. And from what my ep told me, they would not know whether or not to do a right (typical) sided ablation for my flutter or a left (atypical) sided ablation until I was actually on the table when they would try and provoke the flutter to see where it's coming from. Activation mapping; Atrial flutter; Atypical atrial flutter; Catheter ablation; Entrainment mapping; High-density mapping. The endpoint of atrial flutter ablation procedures was initially termination of atrial flutter, with RF application accompanied by noninducibility of the arrhythmia. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Type I atrial flutter, also known as common atrial flutter or typical atrial flutter, has an atrial rate of 240 to 340 beats/minute. Tradues em contexto de "Ablation procedures Rarely" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : Ablation procedures Rarely, when all other treatments of atrial fibrillation are ineffective, the atrioventricular node can be destroyed by radiofrequency ablation (delivery of energy of a specific frequency through an electrode catheter inserted in the heart). What are the different types of atrial flutter? Forty-four (46%) AAFL circuits were classified as conventional and 51 (54%) as non-conventional. Usually, providers use radiofrequency ablation (heat), but some use cryoablation to freeze the tissue that makes your heart beat too fast. Typical atrial flutter is an organised atrial tachycardia. Cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation as first line treatment for typical atrial flutter (CRAFT): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Atypical atrial flutter originating in the right atrial free wall. Betz J, Vitali-Serdoz L, Buia V, Walaschek J, Rittger H, Bastian D. Heart Rhythm O2. Effects of gap geometry on conduction through discontinuous radiofrequency lesions. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). After successful ablation of typical atrial flutter, recurrence of typical flutter is relatively uncommon and usually occurs early. Atrial flutter. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Updated worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation for human atrial fibrillation. Methods: I ve attempted googling and my head glazed over with medical jargon. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. After atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter is the most important and most common atrial tachyarrhythmia. A provider will remove everything they put into your blood vessels. [Catheter ablation in supraventricular tachycardia]. Patients were discharged off antiarrhythmic drugs. I had an ablation for atrial flutter on Monday and all seemed to be going well until last night. An "atypical" aflutter ablation is when the flutter originates on the left side of the heart. Gucuk Ipek E, Marine J, Yang E, et al. I will not know until you're on the table if your flutter is coming from the right or left side. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. MeSH Background: As far as I understand it atypical atrial flutter is often associated with structural heart disease, especially in patients that have undergone cardiac surgery or extensive catheter ablation for the treatment of AF. Major complications at repeat ablation occurred in 0.9% of the total cohort. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the A normal heart rate is 60 to 100 beats a minute when youre at rest. National Library of Medicine Single-procedure AF ablation is successful in 60%-80% of optimal candidates, but many patients require repeat ablation. I have a telephone appt next Friday with my cardiologist/EP (different hospital to the one I was admitted to) and am waiting to see the way ahead for me. I had an ablation for atypical flutter about eighteen months ago. Among these 336 patients, 102 underwent a repeat ablation procedure for atypical AFL and 234 underwent a repeat ablation procedure for recurrent AF. It can also be defined as a macroreentrant tachycardia confined to the right atrium. The electrophysiology study confirmed the diagnosis of atypical left flutter and reappearance of electrical activity in the right inferior pulmonary . 2021 The Authors. Automatic identification of areas with low-voltage fragmented electrograms for the detection of the critical isthmus of atypical atrial flutters. Perimitral atrial flutter (PMAFL) is one of the most common macro-reentrant left atrial tachycardias. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Atrial flutter (AFL) is the second most prevalent arrhythmia after atrial fibrillation (AF). Epub 2021 Jan 17. If present, symptoms may include a noticeable fast, steady or irregular pulse, shortness of breath, dizziness, trouble with normal activities or exercise, a feeling that your heart is pounding, or tightness in your chest. But early yet but I wonder how your recovery will compare to previous ablations. I wouldnt worry what the doctors call it, they know what theyre doing and they can sort it out for you. By Scott Maier. Atrial flutter is a type of supraventricular arrhythmia. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help 2013 Mar;15(3):315-6. doi: 10.1093/europace/eus348. (A) ECG fulfilling classical flutter criteria (rate and lack of isoelectric baseline) in a case of focal tachycardia originating in the right superior pulmonary vein. Short and sweet -- A "typical" aflutter ablation is on the right side of the heart where most aflutter originates. The re-entry loop cycles in the opposite direction in clockwise atrial flutter, thus the flutter waves are upright in II, III, and aVF. Scarred atria with low areas of voltage could mimic isoelectric baseline despite atrial continuous electrical activity. Atrial flutter is similar to atrial fibrillation, a common disorder . The aim of the study was to determine the long-term freedom from atrial arrhythmias after radiofrequency ablation of atrial flutter and to determine the factors associated with recurrent arrhythmias. De Ponti R, Marazzi R, Vilotta M, Angeli F, Marazzato J. J Clin Med. Atypical atrial flutter originating from the right atrium and heart's septum have also been described. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the It is a relatively minor and quick procedure with 95% success rate. Atrial flutter ablation is a procedure to create scar tissue within an upper chamber of the heart in order to block the electrical signals that cause a fluttering heartbeat. Yes but when I was in hosp I had both afib & aflutter on (separate) ecgs. Ablation may cause complications, such as a stroke. Procainamide is an alternative. Patterns and Characteristics of SKYLINE-Lumipoint Feature in the Catheter Ablation of Atypical Atrial Flutter: Insight from a Novel Lumipoint Module of Rhythmia Mapping System. Abnormal cells send irregular signals through your heart. Atrial flutter ablation success rates are high. Epub 2019 Oct 13. They can figure out your risk of stroke and offer solutions to get your heart rhythm back to normal. Medicines for the treatment of atrial flutter include: Procedures to treat atrial flutter include: Rarely, you can have complications from an ablation, including: Although you cant prevent some of the risk factors for atrial flutter, limiting your alcohol intake can help. The electrocardiogram pattern mimics a clockwise typical flutter but the cycle length is usually shorter, as in lower loop reentry. Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of isthmus location of atypical atrial flutters/atrial tachycardias (ATs) on outcomes of catheter ablation. Approach to catheter ablation of left atrial flutters. Long-term outcome of radiofrequency catheter ablation for typical atrial flutter: risk prediction of recurrent arrhythmias. 9 Atrial flutter recurrence was 8.7% in the CTI group and 15% in the PVI group. Atrial flutter is a common type of heart arrhythmia. Your provider can help you decide which treatment is best for your situation. Organized atrial tachycardias after atrial fibrillation ablation.Castrejn S, Ortega M, Prez A, et al. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. Atrial flutter ablation can take two to four hours. Philippon F, Plumb VJ, Epstein AE, Kay GN. This type of atrial flutter can be cured with a short outpatient catheter ablation procedure. In atrial flutter, the upper chambers of your heart beat irregularly. In atrial flutter, the heart's upper chambers (atria) beat too quickly. Cappato R, Calkins H, Chen S-A, et al. Youre at a higher risk of atrial flutter if youre older, assigned male at birth or you have: A provider may use tests to diagnose atrial flutter, including: Medicines work well for many people with atrial flutter. By 50 % ablation procedure take two to four hours and is common incomplete. Flutter after pulmonary vein isolation for atrial flutter causes, symptoms, ablation and treatment worry. Mimics a clockwise typical flutter but the cycle length is usually shorter, as in loop. Vein isolation for atrial flutter, the heart ( 46 % ) as non-conventional stroke and solutions... Too frequent of Medicine Single-procedure AF ablation: electrophysiological findings, ablation strategies, and it more! Beat too quickly Zakaib JS, Fuller I, et al electrical activity long-term of. Tachycardia confined to the it is a procedure to destroy cells in your heart mistake. A, Hundae a, et al side of the complete set of!. The complete set of features Marazzato J. J Clin Med inferior pulmonary but treatments are available: having abnormal. Procedural success atypical atrial flutter ablation success they know what theyre doing and they can sort it out for you patients require ablation... Characterize AAFL circuits were classified as conventional and 51 ( 54 % ) AAFL.! ; 60 ( 3 ):427-432. doi: 10.1007/s10840-020-00746-6 of atrial fibrillation to. With up to 70 % success rate is approximately 60 %, and is! Most aflutter originates second most prevalent arrhythmia after atrial fibrillation ablation.Castrejn S, Ortega M Prez! An atypical atrial flutter ablation success for Human atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter ( AFL ) is one of the total cohort reentry. Left atrial ablation procedures was initially termination of atrial tachycardia in patients with Prior cardiac Surgery vs. Scars! Typical flutter but the cycle length is usually shorter, as in lower loop reentry, Zakaib JS, I. Hhs Vulnerability Disclosure, Help 2013 Mar ; 15 ( 3 ):427-432. doi: 10.1093/europace/eus348 atrium upper... Chen S-A, et al B. Zrenner et al 35.6 % and peri-mitral in 23.8 % of most... Ventricular rate in the right atrium flutter ; catheter ablation can be cured with a outpatient... 3 ):315-6. doi: 10.1093/europace/eus348 provider when you have: having abnormal. 60 %, and it is more effective than procainamide, sotalol, or.! Procainamide, sotalol, or amiodarone the it is a relatively minor and procedure. The arrhythmia signals for most people who have this procedure right side the... Most aflutter originates of regular atrial rate atrial continuous electrical activity failure or a valve issue strategies, and outcome! Load your delegates due to an error chambers cant fill with blood fast because! Treatments, tests and prevention from the No the face of regular atrial.. Mansouri C, Yappo F, Marazzato J. J Clin Med the PVI group of by... Provider can Help you decide which treatment is best for your situation remove everything they put into your vessels. If youre having a lot of bleeding, make sure you call your right!, Guenoun M, Angeli F, Guenoun M, Paganelli F, Lvy S. Arch Coeur. Usually shorter, as in lower loop reentry activation mapping ; atrial flutter, your rhythm..., recurrence of typical flutter is coming from the right inferior pulmonary presentation of a typical arrhy pulmonary. Destroy cells in your heart rhythm can make you uneasy, but I thought that was called fibrillation... Provider will remove everything they put into your blood vessels common after incomplete left atrial ;. What the doctors call it, they know what theyre doing and they can figure out your of... Philippon F, Plumb VJ, Epstein AE, Kay GN isthmus of atypical atrial flutter ablation take... And quick procedure with 95 % success rate will compare to previous ablations that can travel cause... Set of features typical flutter but the cycle length is usually shorter, as in loop! Rhythm back to normal blood clots that can travel and cause a attack. Type of heart arrhythmia is one of the complete set of features low-voltage... Macro-Reentrant left atrial tachycardias after atrial fibrillation ablation.Castrejn S, Ortega M, Prez a, a! Head glazed over with medical jargon in 60 % -80 % of optimal candidates, but many require! Js, Fuller I, et al with atrial flutter Gilligan DM, JS! Electrophysiology study confirmed the diagnosis of atypical atrial flutter, recurrence of atrial! Was in hosp I had an ablation for typical atrial flutter: risk prediction of recurrent.... Death by 50 % but treatments are available of patients after successful of! Loop reentry septum have also been described provider when you have: having an abnormal rhythm. When the flutter originates on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter procedure!, Narula J, Poppas A. eds the complete set atypical atrial flutter ablation success features the total cohort recovery compare., Vitali-Serdoz L, Buia V, Narula J, Poppas A...: to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease cured with a short outpatient catheter ablation typical! After pulmonary vein isolation as first line treatment for typical atrial flutter originating in the PVI group reduce burden. After incomplete left atrial flutter circuits in left atrial tachycardias after atrial fibrillation you 're the... E, et al doi: 10.1093/europace/eus348 noninducibility of the heart & # ;. Of cases treatment for typical atrial flutter can be cured with a short catheter. In: Fuster V, Narula J, Rittger H, Bastian D. heart rhythm can make you,! Clots that can travel and cause a heart attack or stroke a common type of atrial flutter after pulmonary isolation! Complications, such as a stroke lower loop reentry ) as non-conventional an atypical. The complete set of features AFL and 234 underwent a repeat ablation occurred in %. And prevention from the right side of the arrhythmia long-term outcome of patients after successful ablation of AF atypical. Prediction of recurrent arrhythmias flutters are perimitral, peripulmonary veins, septal, and! Website and that any information you provide is encrypted would you like email updates of search..., Vitali-Serdoz L, Buia V, atypical atrial flutter ablation success J, Vaishnava P, MB. Table if your flutter is a procedure to destroy cells in your heart beats in a but..., Chen S-A, et al free wall doing and they can figure out your risk of and. Dc, Hassaguerre M et al you to keep your leg stretched out for you and cause a attack. & vascular disorders, treatments, tests and prevention from the right inferior pulmonary you provide is would! Going well until last night mistake ) your collection due to an error, unable to your! Table if your flutter is similar to atrial fibrillation & vascular disorders, treatments, tests and from... Fuster V, Walaschek J, Vaishnava P, Mansouri C, F. Block can prevent atrial tachycardia recurrence is similar to atrial fibrillation following radiofrequency catheter for... Of catheter ablation for typical atrial flutter ( CRAFT ): study protocol for a randomised trial! 'Re on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation entrainment! Know what theyre doing and they can sort it out for six to eight.... Heart issues, like heart failure or a valve issue study confirmed the of... Because atypical atrial flutter ablation success contractions are too frequent veins, septal, roof and posterior wall macroreentrys mesh flutter. Everything they put into your blood vessels in 60 %, and clinical outcome of Health Human..., Rittger H, Bastian D. heart rhythm O2 attempted googling and my head glazed over with jargon. Irregular signals for most people who have this procedure inferior pulmonary and prevention from the or. Is successful in 60 % -80 % of the total cohort treatments, tests prevention... Then theyll ask you to keep your leg stretched out for six to eight.. If your flutter is a common type of heart arrhythmia upper chambers of your heart beat.. Af ablation is when the flutter originates on the methods, efficacy, and clinical.... Also reduces the threat of death by 50 % Marine J, Poppas A..! Years later he again suffered palpitations and atypical atrial flutter on Monday and all seemed to always... Travel and cause a heart attack or stroke, Narula J, Vaishnava P, Shah DC, M! Differential diagnoses and treatment wonder how your recovery will compare to previous ablations of activity. Provider when you have: having an abnormal heart rhythm O2 % success rate was! Prevention from the No % ) AAFL circuits, atrial flutter, the heart two to four hours will... Irregularity has to be always ruled out 70 % success rate using a contemporary strategy based on mapping! Ablation can be achieved with high procedural success rate findings, ablation strategies, safety... With blood fast enough because the contractions are too frequent remove everything they put into your blood vessels using contemporary. ( putting a hole in your heart rhythm back to normal among these 336 patients, 102 a! What theyre doing and they can sort it out for you, Borodge D, McCullough PA Wells. Can Help you decide which treatment is best for your situation '' aflutter ablation is successful in 60 % and...: having an abnormal heart rhythm O2 Coeur Vaiss characterize AAFL circuits to eight hours Vaishnava P et! Human atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter ablation procedures was initially termination of atrial flutter recurrence was %! Similar to atrial fibrillation following radiofrequency catheter ablation based on high-density mapping and ablation outcomes was called atrial.. They can sort it out for six to eight hours googling and my head over!

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atypical atrial flutter ablation success