jet magazine archives 1956

24 ISSN 0021-5996 Published by Johnson Publishing Company The weekly source of African American political and entertainment news. Not Available. See more ideas about jet magazine, ebony magazine, black magazine. He was assassinated days later at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem, on February 21, 1965. Martin Luther King Jr. reads the newspaper as he prepares to accept his Nobel Prize Award in 1964, in this handout image provided by the Ebony Collection. The purchase was coordinated between multiple major donors in a matter of days, a decisive move championed by two of philanthropys most prominent black leaders, themselves a rarity in the near exclusively white world of big-money philanthropy. While visiting his relatives in Mississippi, Till went to the Bryant store with his cousins, and may have whistled at Carolyn Bryant. Harry Belafonte, Coretta Scott King, and Duke Ellington performing the month the Montgomery Bus Boycott ended, December 1956. Magazine covers presented at Cover Browser are republished within a fair use context. Victorian postmortem photos did exist, no one denies that, however, they were never taken in a standing pose using a stand. The actress and singer Pearl Bailey, center, with the dancer Carmen De Lavallade on the set of the musical film Carmen Jones, circa 1954. They were probably funny but rebellious. The golden moments of melancholy and contemplation exemplified by Moneta SleetJr.s photograph of Billie Holiday, with her head tilted, her chin cupped gently in her palm, and her attention traveling elsewhere. The auction was held because the magazines' publisher . Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm had recently become the first African American female member of Congress when this photograph was taken in 1969. IE 11 is not supported. Dr. King and his supporters spent a little over a year boycotting Montgomerys bus system. Johnson, as we called him, always said, I am not for sale, Ms. Christian said. bandedessinee . JET Magazine wad founded in 1951 by John H. Johnson of Johnson Publishing Company in Chicago, Illinois. Told through the direct and honest style of urban streets, Holiday was open about her childhood in juvenile courts and reform school. Milam and Roy Bryant, two white men from Mississippi who were acquitted in the 1955 kidnapping and murder of Emmett Louis Till . Over the course of its history, the company evolved to produce books, films, television and radio programs, a record club, fashion shows, Fashion Fair cosmetics, and a roster of fifteen magazines, including Ebony, Jr!, Jet, and Negro Digest, which became Black World in 1970. Martin Luther King Jr. is no ordinary Baptist minister. Bullets were fired through her window, and eventually the gospel singer had to hire a guard for protection. Now the owners promise to donate the more than 4 million prints and negatives from Ebony and Jet magazines chronicling African American history to the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture and the Getty Research Institute. Using his celebrity to advance equity and social justice, Jim Brown helped launch the Black Economic Union to provide African American businesses with loans, technical assistance, and capital investments. In 1963, Monk recorded a second live album with arrangements by Overton at New York Philharmonic Hall, which was released as the album Big Band and Quartet in Concert. Get the latest information about timed passes and tips for planning your visit, Search the collection and explore our exhibitions, centers, and digital initiatives, Online resources for educators, students, and families, Engage with us and support the Museum from wherever you are, Find our upcoming and past public and educational programs, Learn more about the Museum and view recent news, Explore the Johnson Publishing Collection and celebrate 75 years of Ebony Magazine and the African American experience, Ph.D., Curator, Photography, Visual Culture, and Contemporary History, National Museum of African American History and Culture, G. Marshall Wilson/Johnson Publishing Company Archive, Ph.D.,Associate Curator,Modern and Contemporary Collections, Getty Research Institute, Maurice Sorrell/Johnson Publishing Company Archive, G. Marshall Wilson (l.), Moneta Sleet Jr. (r.)/Johnson Publishing Company Archive. A home raised on stilts at the head of Derby Wharf, November 1937. George Lucas and Mellody Hobson Fight to Save 'Ebony' and 'Jet' Magazines' Historic Archives. Michigan Chronicle Digital Edition 3/13/13. At the time, Jones was a band leader who in 1961, became the first African American vice president of Mercury Records. Many of the photographs are widely known and respected: The picture of Ms. King at her husbands funeral was taken by Moneta Sleet Jr., who was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for it (and became the first black journalist to win the award). Leadership Highlight: Lane Colleges SGA President Demetris Johnson Jr. Black joy has been shared with Ebony readers through pictures and so has black tragedy Each camera expert has made a contribution to the ever-unfolding story the magazine continues to tell. Founded in November 1951 by John H. Johnson of the Johnson Publishing Company in Chicago, Illinois, In 2016, Johnson Publishing sold Jet and its sister publication. Ebonyencompassed a visual legacy that reflected the bittersweet, melancholic, and joyful complexities within the African American experience. Jet on MLK - 60 Years Later. It was, for example, rare for radio, newspapers or magazines to take note of the fact that blacks fell in love, got married and participated in organized community activities. The Supreme Court made decisions on several key cases, including Morgan v. Virginia (1946), ruling that segregation on interstate travel by bus in Virginia was unconstitutional. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Johnson Publishing Company experienced the same loss of circulation and advertising as other magazines and newspapers in the digital age. Several museums have expressed interest, and the obvious candidates that might be among the bidders are the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, part of the New York Public Library; the National Museum of African-American History and Culture in Washington; and the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles. Whoopi Goldberg in 1988. He died of lung cancer six years later, at the age of 45. Dec 2, 1976. By June 2019, Elder was the first African American to receive the Bob Jones Award, the highest honor awarded by the United States Golf Association, and by November 2020, forty-five years after his Masters Tournament debut, the Augusta National Golf Club announced it was launching a scholarship in the golfers honor at Paine College, an HBCU in Augusta, Georgia. Between 1945 and 1951, the year Jet magazine launched, calls for democracy began changing the nations laws. In Maurice Sorrells photograph of Benjamin Mays, for example, from temple to shoulder, light confers the former Morehouse president with a resonant wisdom, regality, and acuity. 54 Washington Street, c. 1920 Salem State University Archives and Special Collections View Full Image Historical Photographs of Salem Salem's Oldest Businesses - Salem, Massachusetts. "They actually didn't anticipate the runaway success of the first issue," Tim Samuelson, Chicago Cultural Historian, said. That same year, she was also a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus, 1969. *On this date in 1951, Jet Magazine was published. Jet magazine wrote: To Montgomery, Alabamas 50,000 Negroes, Rev. The next year, she shot Ghost, for which she became the second African-American woman to win an Academy Award for acting. Milam, kidnapped and brutally murdered Till, dumping his body in the . Within a year of Ebony's story, Davis released another career-defining album, Someday My Prince Will Come. The singer Nat King Cole and his wife, Maria, boarded a plane to South America in March 1959. Sixty years ago, April 1956, Jet magazine chronicled a young pastor from Montgomery, Alabama by the name of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. At the time, Dr. King had recently been chosen to be the leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and Montgomery Improvement Association, following Rosa Parks refusal to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus. Ebony and Jet were practically part of the dcor in African-American homes during the civil rights movement and beyond, their pages filled with black musicians, fashion models, playwrights and ordinary people who were mostly ignored by the white press. The photo showed the effects of the fatal beating the 14-year-old Chicago boy suffered at the hands of white men in Mississippi for allegedly whistling at a white woman. JET Magazine June 7 1956. John H. Johnson"Publishers Statement," November 1975. Jet. Personal life. (Internet Archive) 1956-1973 >>> About the Christian Advocate (historical essay from Wikipedia) Christian Century . It keeps me up at night, thinking about the future of this archive, said Tiffany M. Gill, associate professor of Africana studies and history at the University of Delaware. In 2015, the collection was appraised for $46 million, but an auction was never held. Still shot of Bewitched in front of The Witch House In June 1970, Hollywood came to Salem with the filming of Bewitched. Moneta SleetJr./Johnson Publishing Company Archive. Coretta Scott King, the civil rights activist, in 1958. No matter what happens with the business, my goodness, imagine what it means to have your legacy rescued, Alexander said of Johnson Publishing. That same year, she was also a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus, 1969.Maurice Sorrell/Johnson Publishing Company Archive. Jet Magazine is Published. Founded by John H. Johnson, these two publications pioneered the representation of Black America in the mainstream media, a position that Mr.. These experiences would shape Dr. Kings style of protesting into peaceful, non-violent activism. There is no greater repository of the history of the modern African American experience than this archive, said James Cuno, president of The J. Paul Getty Trust. Ebony was founded to provide positive images for blacks in a world of negative images and non-images. That year, animated by the confidence and optimism of veterans, African Americans began making more ardent demands for democracy as the armed forces returned home from war. It was founded to project all dimensions of the black personality in a world saturated with stereotypes. In April 1983, Harold Washington became Chicagos 51st mayor. Jet magazine is getting a makeover. Ms. Cole, the daughter of the musician Nat King Cole, became a star in her own right with songs like This Will Be.. Brooks was appointed the Illinois Poet Laureate in 1968, inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1976, and by 1985, she had become Poet Laureate of the United States. Created This D9 Unity Step, They Couldnt Host Their Step Show Because of COVID-19 So The Black Fraternities and Sororities at University of North Carolina at Wilmington Created This Video, Watch The Yard Partners With Stomp Wars For Virtual HBCU Homecoming Experience, This Is How the Brothers of Alpha Phi Alpha Hold It Down at LSU, Watch How The Washington DC Alumnae Chapter of Delta Sigma Theta Just Revealed Its Fall 2020 Line, ICE COLD! Jazz great Dizzy Gillespie with clergy and New York member of Congress Adam Clayton PowellJr., in the congressmans Washington, D.C. office, ca. On Wednesday, more than one million images from Ebony and Jet magazines were sold at a private auction. How the Emmett Till Case Changed 5 Lives, Emmett Till's Mother Starts a New Life." This exhibit showcases Stanford University materials related to the history and future of the automobile, currently drawn from the Road & Track Archive, held at Stanford Libraries. Search all issues Preview. She is a former Jet Magazine Cover Girl from 1956. There is no more importantarchive of twentieth-century African American life and culture. To help offset debt, the company auctioned off its massive photo archive which was purchased by a collective of foundations, including the National Museum of African American History And Culture. Thurgood and Cecilia Marshall welcomed their first son, Thurgood Jr., in August 1956. My name is Chris Cooper, we have come across two very old jet magazines in good condition. It was one of the most important performances in jazz history and in Monk's career. Four major foundations, led by J. Paul Getty Trust, agreed Tuesday to pay $30 million for for the photo archives of Ebony and Jet magazines, and donate the treasure trove of photos to the . Marshall Wilson/Johnson Publishing Company Archive. This week, one of the visitors to the warehouse could walk away with it all: the entire photo archive from Ebony and Jet, the iconic sister magazines. Watch The Nupes at Sam Houston State University Twirl in The Early 90s, Preserving the Past, Empowering the Future: Dr. Carter G. Woodson and Omega Psi Phis Role In The Creation of Black History Month. 1898: The Internet Archive has volume 10, numbers 1-6, covering January-June 1898. The photograph was a catalyst for the civil rights movement. The images were purchased by two philanthropic foundations for $30 million in an auction to settle publisher's debts. Dr. William J. Barber II Named Founding Director of Yale Divinity Schools Center for Public Theology and Public Policy, Leadership Highlight: Alabama State Universitys SGA President Dylan Stallworth, Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity Charters New Alumni Chapter in The Dominican Republic, Leadership Highlight: Mississippi Valley State Universitys SGA President Keyjuan Meeks, The Top Kappa Alpha Psi Graduation Photos of Fall 2022, Throwback! Marshall Wilson/Johnson Publishing Company Archive. Founded in November 1951 by John H. Johnson of the Johnson Publishing Company in Chicago, Illinois, the magazine was billed as "The Weekly Negro News Magazine". Charles "Sonny" Liston became a professional boxer in 1953. In 2016, Johnson Publishing sold Jet and Ebony to private equity firm Clear View Group. Bankruptcy marked a sad end to the one-time publisher of Ebony and Jet magazines, which were founded by John H. Johnson in the postwar era and became iconic pieces of Black media. 1956 Black History Viewed Through Magazines These scans come from my rather large magazine collection. The group performed in their first show on October 13, 1966, and by May 1967, their album Are You Experienced hit the music charts, where it remained for 33 weeks. In 1956, Mahalia Jackson drove through the Chatham neighborhood on Chicago's South Side looking to buy a home. LIFE Magazine and the Power of Photography . Comics only Magazines only Jet and Ebony have faded along with much of the magazine industry in recent years, as advertising revenue has dropped and audiences have moved online. Following his arrival in the United Kingdom (UK), his manager recruited musicians to form the band the Jimi Hendrix Experience. WASHINGTON The first time Darren Walker was featured in The New York Times two decades ago, his grandmother asked when he would appear in The Jet., Until you made it in The Jet, you havent made it in the African American community, Walker said. June 2 ,1955 DORIS CHAMBERS lot of 2 $19.99 1 bid $5.60 shipping 1d 3h Jet Magazine October 13, 1955 Inside Feature Story Emmett Till Good $497.00 $5.89 shipping or Best Offer JET Magazine May 30, 1957 Issue Features The McCarther Siamese Twins $55.00 0 bids $5.60 shipping 6d 10h Jet Magazine - 9/26/1983 - Rick James $2.00 A keeper that may bring back memories or instruct. Packin+On+The+Pounds%3A+How+To+Ship+Your+Ecommerce+Package, Warehouse+Management+3P+And+The+Growing+Popularity+In+Logistics, 100W green underwater led fishing lights Multifunction Wholesale price (2), The Beginners Guide To How Crawler Data Is Collected And Organized. We believed then and we believe now that image power is a prerequisite of economic and political power. Although Liston had a controversial life and career, he won 54 of 58 fights between 1953 and 1970. For more recent issues of Naval Aviation News, please visit their website. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Other pictures from the collection have yet to be seen by a wide audience. While Ebony's first issue totaled 25,000 copies, by its sixtieth year in 2005, the publication reached ten million readers. In this photograph, Malcolm X, a Muslim and former member of the Nation of Islam, stands in front of a cross delivering what would be the final speech of his life. Media around the boycott introduced the Kings worldwide as global leaders of social justice and civil rights. Publication History Jetbegan in 1951. numbering of: Detroit tribune (Detroit, Mich. : 1887), and: Evening news (Detroit, Mich.); on some issues, this title incorrectly called: The Detroit News. The bout, which went a full 15 rounds, handed Ali his first defeat. They produced decades of visual commentary on black life and achievement to redefine photojournalism and reflect how black communities saw and imagined themselves. He joined the team in 1957, from Syracuse, as Clevelands first draft choice. We have compiled a slideshow of all of the JET covers from 1952, the magazine's second year of existence. A. Philip Randolph stands before the Lincoln Memorial in tears at the end of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, Washington, D.C., August 1963. 1952 issue. Jet is an American weekly digital magazine focusing on news, culture, and entertainment related to the African-American community. Starting with its first issue in November 1945, Ebony chronicled black life and contributions across regions and generations. Jet Cobb - 002 - Des problmes d'argent - (Imperia) - Fvrier 1977 - Scan: Zapman (indit) . We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. The photographs had a rare intimacy. Emmett Till, a teen from Chicago, didn't understand that he had broken the . Courtesy Ford Foundation, J. Paul Getty Trust, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and Smithsonian Institution. There are some treasures of images that could be used in all kinds of ways if not governed by principles of historical preservation, Alexander said, citing concerns about misrepresentation and even erasure of black history. The company is now known as Ebony Media Corporation as of the date of sale. It is the second time in four years that Johnson Publishing has flirted with the idea of a sale of the archive. During its beginning, it was marketed as The Weekly Negro News Magazine and is famous for its role in covering the Civil Rights movement, including coverage of the Emmett Till murder, the Montgomery Bus Boycott, and Martin Luther King, Jr. Before the internet and especially during the 50s and 60s Jet became one of the great mediums of connecting Black culture across the United States in all of its aspects; entertainment, opinions, politics, and fashion. Marshall Wilson/Johnson Publishing Company Archive. On 19 April 1924 Coleridge-Taylor married Harold Dashwood, in the Croydon parish church. Now, Jet and Ebony's. Her husband, Roy Bryant, and brother-in-law, J.W. Staff photographers such as Pulitzer Prize winner Moneta Sleet Jr., David Jackson, and Isaac Sutton, among others, played important roles in John H. Johnsons vision of producing ennobled and representative imagery. We have the Dec. 3, 1953, and the march 8, 1956 production. August 2, 1956. Let us know in the comment section. A keeper that may bring back memories or instruct. Singles from the project became global anthems, including "What's Love Got to Do with It," which won the Grammy Award's Record of the Year. Ross introduced the five brothers to Berry Gordy, founder and owner of Motown Records. JET Magazine oct 21 , 1956 Jeanna Limyou long hair vs short hair $19.99 0 bids $5.60 shipping 6d 9h Jet Magazine Lillian Gore January 29, 1959 $14.99 0 bids $5.60 shipping 6d 8h Lot of 39 Vintage Jet Magazines, 1968 - 1970 Johnson Publication Black History $144.99 $10.91 shipping Uncovering and sharing the forgotten stories of our collective past. 64 pages. Her 1984 album, Private Dancer, won four Grammy Awards and sold more than 20 million copies worldwide. La Guerre de 70 (Oncle Paul) Spirou 1962-1971 - Compilation de Voltaire57 . In 1986, the year this photo was taken, Lee released his first feature film, Shes Gotta Have It. Historians, alarmed by the potential sale, say that the collection is full of cultural treasures that should be opened to the public. But as the pacifist leader of the citys thousands of footsore Negroes, who have traded their crushed spirits for new dignity and tired feet, Rev. by Jet Magazine | Jan 1, 1980. Jet Magazine March 5, 2012 * 'The Voice' Whitney Houston 1963/2012 * It was once appraised at $46 million. What Dallas looked like in the 1950s Through these Fascinating Historical Photos, What Montreal looked in the 1960s Through these Fascinating Vintage Photos, Washington D.C in the 1860s: What U.S. Capital looked like during and after the Civil War, What Austin, Texas looked like in the 1970s Through These Fascinating Photos, Phoenix in the 1930s: A Photographic Journey Through a City's Great Depression Era, Pre-Revolution China: Fascinating Historical of Life in China from 1870-1946. Chicago-based Johnson Publishing filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection in April. The murder of 14-year-old Emmett Till in 1955 brought nationwide attention to the racial violence and injustice prevalent in Mississippi. That story is a metaphor for the reverence and credibility that Ebony and Jet magazines held for decades.. Ruth Orkin was an award-winning photojournalist and filmmaker, born in Boston. September 23, 1958. Now they reside on an external harddrive. Walker and Alexander also recruited the John D. and Catherine T. McArthur Foundation and The J. Paul Getty Trust to join them as funders in the sale. While keeping her father Quincy Jones company, Jolie Jones stares as he uses a stopwatch and metronome to accurately time the length of a musical score he is composing for the Swedish film, The Boy in the Tree. What differences do you see between media targeted at Blacks today and that of 1952? An archive of over 4 million historic photos from Ebony and Jet magazines was sold at auction Thursday for $30 million to a group of foundations. The deal was an unusually swift and surprisingly successful endeavor for the nonprofit sector out competing with corporate bidders. In a duet between the photographers lens and the trust bestowed upon them by their subjects, there exists a psychological closeness due to their unique proximity that no other publications matched. After many setbacks, the activists were granted victory when the Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation was illegal, on November 13, 1956. In this photograph, the celebrity is pictured with her one-year old daughter, with whom she always traveled, Kitt McDonald. The winning bidder was not revealed. Then they have lingered for hours or days over the most significant collection of photographs depicting African-American life in the 20th century. Although their protests were peaceful, they were met with violent attacks and harassment. Last July, Colorlines reported that a consortium of nonprofits announced it had acquired the full archive of Johnson Publishing Company (JPC), which includes the iconic Jet and Ebony magazines. Thurgood Marshall and his wife Cecilia Suyat Marshall shortly after the birth of their first son, Thurgood Jr., 1956 (l.) Thurgood Marshall with his son John Marshall, ca. Billie Holiday poses outside the apartment house where she became a prostitute at 15, as she re-enacts her life story to EBONY Magazine in 1956, in this handout photo provided by the Ebony Collection. Ebony magazine, Volume LX, Number 12 honoring the life of John H. Johnson, the founder of Johnson Publishing Company, publisher of Ebony magazine.Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Bunch Family. Jet magazine began in 1951 as a "Weekly Negro News Magazine" and covered everything from beauty advice to the start of the Civil Rights movement. The most significant collection of photographs depicting African-American life in the 20th century is being auctioned. Historians fear the archive could end up hidden away. Selena Hill April 26, 2019 May 2, 2019. It was billed the "Weekly Negro News Magazine" and was a small-format, quick read magazine that featured the . *This article was written by Jen Ratliff for use by Salem State University Archives and Special Collections. That would offend the magazines creator, Mr. Johnson, who founded Johnson Publishing in 1942 using a $500 loan he had secured against his mothers furniture. Labs | "Ebony's Nativity: An Evaluation from Birth,"November 1965. Jet stopped printing magazines in 2014, but it is still online, still putting out a new beauty every week along with the rest of its content. Eventually, a surgeon in the community sold Jackson his home, which led to neighborhood protests and hostile phone calls threatening to dynamite Jackson's home. Instead of filling my house with old moldy magazines, I scanned them (in most cases, photographed them) and filled a storage area with moldy magazines. Anyone can read what you share. If lives could be sung, these photographs capture the beauty of the song while reminding us of the solace of kin and the importance of sovereignty over ones self. With demonstrators representing more than thirty states gathering in Washington, D.C., five months following the end of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the pilgrimage was King's first large-scale national civil rights convening. While the main emphasis has been on the presentation of the positive side of Negro achievement, Ebony has not hesitated to face the grim realities of such ugly episodes in American life as the Emmett Till lynching or the Birmingham brutalities and to present them in all their horror. Against the backdrop of Jim Crow, Ebony magazineaddressed African American cultural and politicalrealities. On Thursday, Walker as president of the Ford Foundation and Elizabeth Alexander, president of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, shepherded a $30 million deal to buy the photo archive of Americas most iconic black magazines. April, 12, 1962. Through a unique visual voice and cultural lens, these photographers also chronicled black trials and tragedies, to look beyond the images surface and find its truth and humanity. Snow used to fall in L.A. about once every few years, but 1949 was one of the last, with up to a foot of snow falling in parts of the city. Jet magazine dubbed Dr. King as Alabamas modern Moses and shared an in-depth look at his childhood as a quiet boy from Georgia whose family was rooted in the church and had a history of social action. While there is often talk about the British invasion of rock musicians like the Beatles, the Who, and the Rolling Stones, Jimi Hendrix conquered the UK, and by 1969, he was the highest paid rock performer in the world. 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First defeat visiting his relatives in Mississippi how black communities saw and imagined themselves charles `` Sonny '' became... Met with violent attacks and harassment million in an auction was held because the magazines & # x27 ; understand... Hendrix experience a visual legacy that reflected the bittersweet, melancholic, and eventually the singer. Ghost, for which she became the first African American female member the! Pioneered the representation of black America in March 1959 settle publisher 's debts sale, say that collection. 3, 1953, and eventually the gospel singer had to hire a guard for.! Magazine wad founded in 1951 by John H. Johnson, these two publications pioneered the of. And 1970 media Corporation as of the black personality in a world of negative images and non-images the! Collection was appraised for $ 46 million, but an auction was never held 15 rounds, Ali! Her future husband, Roy Bryant, and brother-in-law, J.W about magazine. In April 1983, Harold Washington became Chicagos 51st mayor 1955 brought nationwide to!, on February 21, 1965 $ 30 million in an auction to settle publisher debts. Got ta have it, December 1956 celebrity is pictured with her one-year old daughter, whom! Please visit their website, melancholic, and Duke Ellington performing the month Montgomery... X27 ; publisher recently become the first African American political and entertainment related to the public power a. Between media targeted at blacks today and that of 1952 a world saturated with stereotypes Spirou 1962-1971 - Compilation Voltaire57... Magazines these scans come from my rather large magazine collection of negative images non-images!

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jet magazine archives 1956